Multiculturalismo e os limites do liberalismo pós-moderno

CLASSIC liberalism, going back to Locke, used the mechanisms and concepts of modern law to tame political power and put it at the service of the preeminent goal of protecting the pre-political freedom of the individual member of society. The core of a liberal constitution is the guarantee of equal individual liberties for everyone. This corresponds to Kant’s “Universal Principle of Right,”

according to which, “the freedom of choice of each can co-exist with everyone’s freedom according to a universal law.” Even the “rule of the people” remains an instrument of the “rule of law.” The political autonomy of citizens is not an end in itself; rather, it is a means of safeguarding the equal private autonomy of members of society.

Leia na íntegra do artigo de Jürgen Habermas Equal Treatment of Cultures and the Limits of Postmodern Liberalism aqui

Livro online: Morality of Freedom (J. Raz)

Livro indispensável em qualquer bibliografia: Morality of Freedom de Joseph Raz.

Livro online: Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy

Excelente livro, DEBATES IN CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, editado por Derek Matravers e Jon Pike, traz discussão sobre individualismo, igualdade, democracia e o debate entre comunitaristas e liberais nos Estados Unidos.

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements ix

1 Introduction 1

Part 1

The philosophy of social explanation 5

Introduction 7

2 Methodological individualism 12

S T E V E N L U K E S

3 Marxism, functionalism, and game theory: a case for methodological

individualism 22

J O N E L S T E R

4 Reply to Elster on “Marxism, functionalism, and game theory” 41

G . A . C O H E N

5 Marxism and methodological individualism 54

E R I K O L I N W R I G H T , A N D R E W L E V I N E A N D E L L I O T T S O B E R

Part 2

Distributive justice 67

Introduction 69

6 Distributive justice 73

R O B E R T N O Z I C K

7 Equality as a moral ideal 82

H A R R Y F R A N K F U R T 1111

8 Where the action is: on the site of distributive justice 100

G . A . C O H E N

9 Equality and priority 115

D E R E K P A R F I T

Part 3

Liberalism and communitarianism 133

Introduction 135

10 Liberalism and the limits of justice 140

M I C H A E L S A N D E L

11 The domain of the political and overlapping consensus 160

J O H N R A W L S

12 Communitarian critics of liberalism 182

A M Y G U T M A N N

13 Cross-purposes: the liberal–communitarian debate 195

C H A R L E S T A Y L O R

Part 4

Citizenship and multiculturalism 213

Introduction 215

14 Polity and group difference: a critique of the ideal of universal

citizenship 219

I R I S M A R I O N Y O U N G

15 Contemporary liberal responses to diversity 239

B H I K H U P A R E K H

16 Theories of group rights 248

B R I A N B A R R Y

Part 5

Nationalism 265

Introduction 267

17 In defence of the nation 271

R O G E R S C R U T O N

18 Is patriotism a virtue? 286

A L A S D A I R M A C I N T Y R E

19 In defence of nationality 301

D A V I D M I L L E R

Part 6

Democracy 319

Introduction 321

20 The market and the forum: three varieties of political theory 325

J O N E L S T E R

21 Deliberation and democratic legitimacy 342

J O S H U A C O H E N

22 Philosophy and democracy 361

M I C H A E L W A L Z E R

Part 7

Punishment 381

Introduction 383

23 Punishment, communication and community 387

A N T O N Y D U F F

24 Punishment, penance and the state: a reply to Duff 408

A N D R E W V O N H I R S C H

Appendix: response to von Hirsch 423

A N T O N Y D U F F

25 The justification of general deterrence 428

O presidencialismo na Constituição norte-americana

Trabalho do Curso de Direito Constitucional Comparado
Prof. José Adércio Leite Sampaio
Aluno: Renato Souza Oliveira Junior

No presente artigo serão apresentados alguns aspectos básicos sobre o sistema presidencial norte-americano como este foi estruturado em duas linhas: (a) economicamente, com base nas premissas do liberalismo de Adam Smith e (b) politicamente, de acordo com a separação de poderes de Montesquieu, mesmo diante, neste último caso, de aparentes contrariedades. Serão abordadas também algumas críticas sobre as deficiências do sistema presidencial norte-americano.

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